Referencing

A short guide about how to ensure your assignments are correctly referenced.

As well as reading the course materials, undertaking independent research is required in order to further develop your knowledge and understanding of the topics covered. In order to successfully complete your course, you must ensure that your work is correctly referenced throughout.

When completing assessment questions, it is important that any material produced by others that assists you in your answer, is correctly acknowledged. This is to ensure that others reading your text can find the original source and, more importantly, to show that the material was originally produced by someone else and is not your own.

The link below link is a Harvard Referencing generator which can produce the reference for you:
https://www.mybib.com/tools/harvard-referencing-generator

Please note that if you are using the link above, you need to add the access date/s for websites at the end of the reference (for example [Accessed 15 June 2022]).

Please familiarise yourself with the guidance below about how to correctly acknowledge your sources.

Citing, reference list and bibliography

Citing	An acknowledgement within the main body of the text of who wrote the material included (author), the year the material was published (date) and the page number (if directly quoted).
Reference List	Lists (in alphabetical order) only sources that have been cited within the text. This must be provided at the end of your work (if you have cited within your work).
Bibliography	Lists (in alphabetical order) all sources used for background reading/to generate ideas about the topic (including those listed in the Reference List). This must be provided at the end of your work (if you have undertaken any independent research).

Citing

'Citing' is an acknowledgement of who wrote the material you are including (the author) and what year the book was published (date). Please note: Only the author's surname needs to be used.

Citing can be included as a direct quotation or by paraphrasing the author’s words.

Citing Example: You decide to include the following quote you have found in a book;

Current thinking, based on research, supports the view that parental involvement…

	Description	Example
Direct quotation	- Copied exactly as it was in the book - Page number included - Author’s name and year included - Quotation marks used	‘Current thinking, based on research, supports the view that parental involvement…’ (Kay 2005, p.5) OR As Kay (2005, p.5) said, 'Current thinking, based on research, supports the view that parental involvement…’
Paraphrasing	- Author’s words are paraphrased (reworded) in your own words - Quotation marks and page numbers not needed - Author’s name and year included	Research identified by Kay (2005) supports the current view that the involvement of parents…. OR Parental involvement is currently seen as …. (Kay 2005)

Reference List

A Reference List enables the reader to check the sources that you have used in your assignment. It acknowledges the authors who you have cited in your assignment and thus avoids plagiarism.

If you have cited (direct quotation or paraphrasing) information from external sources within your text, you need to include them in your Reference list and also include them in your Bibliography.

A Reference List will come at the end of your assignment and will be followed by your Bibliography.

Bibliography

A Bibliography is a list of all the sources you have used to assist you with completing your assignment, including any cited information as well as any sources which have helped you to generate ideas.

If you have only used external sources (books, journals, magazines, newspapers, websites etc.) for background reading/to generate ideas about the topic you only need to list them in your Bibliography. A bibliography should be included at the end of your work after your Reference List.

Writing a Reference List or Bibliography

The conventional method for writing a Reference List or Bibliography is the Harvard System. Please follow the following formats when referencing:

Type of source	Description	Example
Book	Author Surname, INITIAL. (date). Title. Place Published: Publisher.	Tassoni, P. and Hucker, K. (2005). Planning play and the early years. Oxford: Heinemann.
Journal, magazine, newspaper	Author, INITIAL. (date). Title. Name of Journal or magazine, publication number, page number. DOI number (if known)	Clayson, L. (2007). Person-centred care. Nursing Standard, 21(49), pp.59–60. DOI:10.7748/ns.21.49.59.s53.
Websites	Authorship or Source, (Year). Title of web document or web page. [online] Available at: web site address [Accessed date].	NHS (2021). Dementia Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/ [Accessed 30 May 2022].

Examples

Below are some examples of how citations, a reference list and bibliography may look in your work.

Citing Examples

‘Using reflection within health and social care has benefits for patients and the profession. In order to do this effectively, reflection involves describing, analysing and evaluating experiences from practice in a way that helps you make sense of it’ Murdoch (2019).

Murdoch (2019) wrote that both patients and health care professionals can benefit from reflective practice. Effective reflection should see the professional taking events and experiences from the workplace and reviewing them in a meticulous way which allows them to learn from the experience.

The most effective way to prevent infection would be to ensure hand hygiene at all times (NICE, 2018).

Tassoni and Hucker (2005) found that play in the early years……..

Reference List Example

Murdoch, M. (2019). How to reflect on your practice. [online] Nursing in Practice. Available at: https://www.nursinginpractice.com/professional/how-to-reflect-on-your-practice/ [Accessed 30 May 2022].

NICE (2018). Infection Prevention. [online] Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/NICE-Communities/Social-care/quick-guides/Infection%20prevention.pdf [Accessed 30 May 2022].

Tassoni, P. and Hucker, K. (2005). Planning play and the early years. Oxford: Heinemann.

Bibliography Example

Clayson, L. (2007). Person-centred care. Nursing Standard, 21(49), pp.59–60. DOI:10.7748/ns.21.49.59.s53.

Moss, B. (2008). Communication skills for health and social care. Los Angeles: Sage.

NHS (2021). Dementia Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/ [Accessed 30 May 2022].

NICE (2018). Infection Prevention. [online] Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/Media/Default/About/NICE-Communities/Social-care/quick-guides/Infection%20prevention.pdf [Accessed 30 May 2022].

Tassoni, P. and Hucker, K. (2005). Planning play and the early years. Oxford: Heinemann.

Wellington, J.J. (2015). Educational research : contemporary issues and practical approaches. London: Bloomsbury Academic.